Glucose / Energy Metabolism

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a small (7.65 kDa) growth factor that interacts with both the IGF-1 receptor and the insulin receptor to control cell growth and apoptosis. Release of this endocrine hormone from the liver is stimulated by growth hormone produced in the anterior pituitary (1). Circulating IGF-1 is typically bound to one of six known IGF binding proteins (IGF-BP) (2). At target cells, the IGF-1 ligand binds IGF receptors (or insulin receptors) leading to receptor autophosphorylation and activation (3). Activated receptors mediate downstream signaling pathways (including Akt and MAPK) that regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, development and longevity. Altered expression or mutation of IGF-1 is associated with several human disorders, including type I diabetes and various forms of cancer (4). Recombinant human IGF-1 has been used in clinical trials as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of human diseases (5).

1. Le Roith, D. (1997) N Engl J Med 336, 633-40.
2. Jones, J.I. and Clemmons, D.R. (1995) Endocr Rev 16, 3-34.
3. Hernández-Sánchez, C. et al. (1995) J Biol Chem 270, 29176-81.
4. Sandhu, M.S. (2005) Endocr Dev 9, 44-54.
5. Trojan, J. et al. (2007) Neuroscience 145, 795-811.

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IGF-I Receptor β Blocking Peptide

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