Cell Cycle / Checkpoint Control

The entry of eukaryotic cells into mitosis is regulated by cdc2 kinase activation, a process controlled at several steps including cyclin binding and phosphorylation of cdc2 at Thr161 (1). However, the critical regulatory step in activating cdc2 during progression into mitosis appears to be dephosphorylation of cdc2 at Thr14 and Tyr15 (2). Phosphorylation at Thr14 and Tyr15, resulting in inhibition of cdc2, can be carried out by Wee1 and Myt1 protein kinases (3,4). The cdc25 phosphatase may be responsible for removal of phosphates at Thr14 and Tyr15 and subsequent activation of cdc2 (1,5).

cdc2 activation and association with cyclin A require phosphorylation at Thr161 by the CDK-activating kinase CAK, a complex of CDK7 and cyclin H (7,8).

1. Atherton-Fessler, S. et al. (1994) Mol. Biol. Cell. 5, 989-1001.
2. Norbury, C. et al. (1991) EMBO. J. 10, 3321-3329.
3. McGowan, C.H. and Russell, P. (1993) EMBO J. 12, 75-85.
4. Wells, N.J. et al. (1999) J. Cell. Sci. 112, 3361-3371.
5. Hunter, T. (1995) Cell 80, 225-236.
6. Fesquet, D. et al. (1993) EMBO J. 12, 3111-3121.
7. Ducommun, B. et al. (1991) EMBO J. 10, 3311-3319.

• De Smedt, V. et al. (2002) Thr-161 phosphorylation of monomeric Cdc2. Regulation by protein phosphatase 2C in Xenopus oocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 28592-28600. Applications: Western Blotting
• Baus, F. et al. (2003) Permanent cell cycle exit in G2 phase after DNA damage in normal human fibroblasts. EMBO J. 22, 3992-4002. Applications: Western Blotting
• Sanada, K. et al. (2008) PLoS ONE 3, e3835. Applications: IHC

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Phospho-cdc2 (Thr161) Antibody

©1999-2012 Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.

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